Integrand size = 21, antiderivative size = 106 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=-\frac {5 \text {arctanh}(\cos (c+d x))}{16 a d}-\frac {\cot ^7(c+d x)}{7 a d}+\frac {5 \cot (c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{16 a d}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{24 a d}+\frac {\cot ^5(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{6 a d} \]
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Time = 0.11 (sec) , antiderivative size = 106, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 7, number of rules used = 5, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.238, Rules used = {2785, 2687, 30, 2691, 3855} \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=-\frac {5 \text {arctanh}(\cos (c+d x))}{16 a d}-\frac {\cot ^7(c+d x)}{7 a d}+\frac {\cot ^5(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{6 a d}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{24 a d}+\frac {5 \cot (c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{16 a d} \]
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Rule 30
Rule 2687
Rule 2691
Rule 2785
Rule 3855
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {\int \cot ^6(c+d x) \csc (c+d x) \, dx}{a}+\frac {\int \cot ^6(c+d x) \csc ^2(c+d x) \, dx}{a} \\ & = \frac {\cot ^5(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{6 a d}+\frac {5 \int \cot ^4(c+d x) \csc (c+d x) \, dx}{6 a}+\frac {\text {Subst}\left (\int x^6 \, dx,x,-\cot (c+d x)\right )}{a d} \\ & = -\frac {\cot ^7(c+d x)}{7 a d}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{24 a d}+\frac {\cot ^5(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{6 a d}-\frac {5 \int \cot ^2(c+d x) \csc (c+d x) \, dx}{8 a} \\ & = -\frac {\cot ^7(c+d x)}{7 a d}+\frac {5 \cot (c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{16 a d}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{24 a d}+\frac {\cot ^5(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{6 a d}+\frac {5 \int \csc (c+d x) \, dx}{16 a} \\ & = -\frac {5 \text {arctanh}(\cos (c+d x))}{16 a d}-\frac {\cot ^7(c+d x)}{7 a d}+\frac {5 \cot (c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{16 a d}-\frac {5 \cot ^3(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{24 a d}+\frac {\cot ^5(c+d x) \csc (c+d x)}{6 a d} \\ \end{align*}
Leaf count is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. \(284\) vs. \(2(106)=212\).
Time = 0.64 (sec) , antiderivative size = 284, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.68 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=-\frac {\csc ^5(c+d x) \left (\csc \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )+\sec \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right )^2 \left (1680 \cos (c+d x)+1008 \cos (3 (c+d x))+336 \cos (5 (c+d x))+48 \cos (7 (c+d x))+3675 \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (c+d x)-3675 \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (c+d x)-1190 \sin (2 (c+d x))-2205 \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (3 (c+d x))+2205 \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (3 (c+d x))+392 \sin (4 (c+d x))+735 \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (5 (c+d x))-735 \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (5 (c+d x))-462 \sin (6 (c+d x))-105 \log \left (\cos \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (7 (c+d x))+105 \log \left (\sin \left (\frac {1}{2} (c+d x)\right )\right ) \sin (7 (c+d x))\right )}{86016 a d (1+\sin (c+d x))} \]
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.39 (sec) , antiderivative size = 168, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.58
method | result | size |
risch | \(-\frac {-336 i {\mathrm e}^{12 i \left (d x +c \right )}+231 \,{\mathrm e}^{13 i \left (d x +c \right )}-196 \,{\mathrm e}^{11 i \left (d x +c \right )}-1680 i {\mathrm e}^{8 i \left (d x +c \right )}+595 \,{\mathrm e}^{9 i \left (d x +c \right )}-1008 i {\mathrm e}^{4 i \left (d x +c \right )}-595 \,{\mathrm e}^{5 i \left (d x +c \right )}+196 \,{\mathrm e}^{3 i \left (d x +c \right )}-48 i-231 \,{\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}}{168 a d \left ({\mathrm e}^{2 i \left (d x +c \right )}-1\right )^{7}}+\frac {5 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}-1\right )}{16 d a}-\frac {5 \ln \left ({\mathrm e}^{i \left (d x +c \right )}+1\right )}{16 d a}\) | \(168\) |
derivativedivides | \(\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{7}-\frac {\left (\tan ^{6}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{3}-\left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+3 \left (\tan ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+3 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-15 \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-5 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+\frac {1}{3 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{6}}+40 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+\frac {15}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}}-\frac {1}{7 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{7}}-\frac {3}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{4}}+\frac {1}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{5}}-\frac {3}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3}}+\frac {5}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}}{128 d a}\) | \(200\) |
default | \(\frac {\frac {\left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{7}-\frac {\left (\tan ^{6}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{3}-\left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+3 \left (\tan ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+3 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-15 \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-5 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+\frac {1}{3 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{6}}+40 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+\frac {15}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{2}}-\frac {1}{7 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{7}}-\frac {3}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{4}}+\frac {1}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{5}}-\frac {3}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{3}}+\frac {5}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}}{128 d a}\) | \(200\) |
parallelrisch | \(\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-3 \left (\cot ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-7 \left (\tan ^{6}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+7 \left (\cot ^{6}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-21 \left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+21 \left (\cot ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+63 \left (\tan ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-63 \left (\cot ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+63 \left (\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-63 \left (\cot ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-315 \left (\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+315 \left (\cot ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )+840 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )-105 \tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+105 \cot \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{2688 d a}\) | \(200\) |
norman | \(\frac {-\frac {1}{896 a d}+\frac {\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{672 d a}+\frac {\tan ^{2}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{96 d a}-\frac {\tan ^{3}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{64 d a}-\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{4}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{64 d a}+\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{5}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{32 d a}+\frac {5 \left (\tan ^{6}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{32 d a}-\frac {5 \left (\tan ^{9}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{32 d a}-\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{10}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{32 d a}+\frac {3 \left (\tan ^{11}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{64 d a}+\frac {\tan ^{12}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{64 d a}-\frac {\tan ^{13}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{96 d a}-\frac {\tan ^{14}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{672 d a}+\frac {\tan ^{15}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )}{896 d a}+\frac {5 \left (\tan ^{7}\left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{64 d a}}{\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )^{7} \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )+1\right )}+\frac {5 \ln \left (\tan \left (\frac {d x}{2}+\frac {c}{2}\right )\right )}{16 a d}\) | \(318\) |
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 198 vs. \(2 (96) = 192\).
Time = 0.26 (sec) , antiderivative size = 198, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.87 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=\frac {96 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{7} - 105 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{6} - 3 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 3 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - 1\right )} \log \left (\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \sin \left (d x + c\right ) + 105 \, {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right )^{6} - 3 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 3 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - 1\right )} \log \left (-\frac {1}{2} \, \cos \left (d x + c\right ) + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \sin \left (d x + c\right ) - 14 \, {\left (33 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{5} - 40 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{3} + 15 \, \cos \left (d x + c\right )\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{672 \, {\left (a d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{6} - 3 \, a d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{4} + 3 \, a d \cos \left (d x + c\right )^{2} - a d\right )} \sin \left (d x + c\right )} \]
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Timed out. \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=\text {Timed out} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 315 vs. \(2 (96) = 192\).
Time = 0.21 (sec) , antiderivative size = 315, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.97 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=-\frac {\frac {\frac {105 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1} + \frac {315 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{2}} - \frac {63 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}} - \frac {63 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{4}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{4}} + \frac {21 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{5}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{5}} + \frac {7 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{6}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{6}} - \frac {3 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{7}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{7}}}{a} - \frac {840 \, \log \left (\frac {\sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1}\right )}{a} - \frac {{\left (\frac {7 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )}{\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1} + \frac {21 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{2}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{2}} - \frac {63 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{3}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{3}} - \frac {63 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{4}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{4}} + \frac {315 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{5}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{5}} + \frac {105 \, \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{6}}{{\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{6}} - 3\right )} {\left (\cos \left (d x + c\right ) + 1\right )}^{7}}{a \sin \left (d x + c\right )^{7}}}{2688 \, d} \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 244 vs. \(2 (96) = 192\).
Time = 0.38 (sec) , antiderivative size = 244, normalized size of antiderivative = 2.30 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=\frac {\frac {840 \, \log \left ({\left | \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) \right |}\right )}{a} + \frac {3 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{7} - 7 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{6} - 21 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{5} + 63 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{4} + 63 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{3} - 315 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - 105 \, a^{6} \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )}{a^{7}} - \frac {2178 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{7} - 105 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{6} - 315 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{5} + 63 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{4} + 63 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{3} - 21 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{2} - 7 \, \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right ) + 3}{a \tan \left (\frac {1}{2} \, d x + \frac {1}{2} \, c\right )^{7}}}{2688 \, d} \]
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Time = 11.95 (sec) , antiderivative size = 387, normalized size of antiderivative = 3.65 \[ \int \frac {\cot ^8(c+d x)}{a+a \sin (c+d x)} \, dx=\frac {3\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{14}-3\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{14}-7\,\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{13}+7\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{13}\,\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )-21\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^2\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{12}+63\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^3\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{11}+63\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^4\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{10}-315\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^5\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^9-105\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^6\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^8+105\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^8\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^6+315\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^9\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^5-63\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{10}\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^4-63\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{11}\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^3+21\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^{12}\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^2+840\,\ln \left (\frac {\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}\right )\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^7\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^7}{2688\,a\,d\,{\cos \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^7\,{\sin \left (\frac {c}{2}+\frac {d\,x}{2}\right )}^7} \]
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